1. evolution concepts
   1. genes
   2. genotype
   3. phenotype
   4. gene survival
      1. optimizing performance
         1. convergence
      2. encoding useful knowledge
      3. emergent characteristics
      4. behaviors relative to others behavior
         1. parasites
         2. predatory behavior
         3. altruistic behavior
         4. infantcide
         5. sexual selection
2. Gould ch. 10 Retardation and neoteny in human evolution
   1. neoteny
3. parallels in both morphology and behavior noted by many in early 1830s
4. neoteny and fetalization
5. Gould seeks to save Bolk's observations and fix his errors
   1. there is "no room for mosaic evolution in Bolk."
   2. we must seek the adaptive significance of retarded development. 364"
   3. primates are retarded in development relative to other mammals
   4. humans "should" require 21 months gestation!
      1. thus we see two separate forces:
   5. comparisons with other species
      1. a-most mammals brain formed at birth
      2. b-macaques are at 65% of final cranial capacity
      3. c-chimps at 40%
      4. d-fossil australopithecus at from 37% to 25%
      5. e-humans at 23% of final cranial capacity.
6. Glossary of terms
7. 1heterochrony1 ("different timing")
   1. a. retardation of features
      1. 1. paedomorphosis2 ("child form")
      2. 2. recapitulation3
   2. b. acceleration of features
      1. 1. paedomorphosis
      2. 2. recapitulation
8. life-history strategies
   1. a. K-selection
   2. b. r-selection
9. neoteny
10. ontogeny
11. phylogeny
12. allometry
13. convergence or analogy
14. homology
15. parallel evolution
16. brachycephaly
17. mosaic evolution
18. synergy
19. preadaptation (exaption)
20. genetic bottleneck
21. founder effects
22. References